I had a professor at university who read voraciously.
In each class he’d speak for 2 hours without notes. He’d quote vast passages and ideas from books spanning the decades.
One day I asked him, “How do you remember all the knowledge from the books you read? It feels like you have it all at your fingertips.”
He paused, and then replied, “I don’t even try to take notes. I read a lot, but I trust the most important ideas will rise to the top, and that I’ll remember those ones in particular.”
Instead of trying to filter, he gave the most important ideas the space to emerge.
I’ve had varied success with this method over the years. It still isn’t my preferred way of reading, as I much prefer a pen or kindle highlight. However, it may be a method that piques your interest, and something you may like to try.